Definitions
According to Mathis and Jackson, motivation is an emotion or desire operating on a person’s will and causing that person to act.
According to Berelson and Steiner, it is an inner state that activates or moves. Motivation involves effort, persistence and goals.
Jones states that motivation is concerned with how behavior gets started, is energized, is sustained, is directed, is stopped and what kind of subjective reaction is present in the organism while all this is going on.
According to Kelly, motivation ‘has to do with the forces that maintain and alter the direction, quality and intensity of behavior.
According to Mondy, Holmes and Flippa, motivation is the process of influencing or stimulating a person to take action that will accomplish desired goal
Importance and Types of Motivation
Motivation plays a very important role in teaching and learning. Because, until the students are not ready, it is impossible to make them learn anything. Though, its output is not concrete one and it is difficult to measure it quantitatively, but it can be integrated into every aspect of teaching and learning. Before we discuss it further, it is necessary to know two different types of motivation. These two types of motivation are:
1- Intrinsic Motivation
2- Extrinsic motivation
1- Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation is the one which emerges from inside, feeling the importance of something and consequently, doing that task willfully. For this type of motivation, a lot of effort is required on the part of teacher, and he needs to very skillful and expert in this. This type of motivation is long lasting and becomes permanent part of one’s personality. For this type of motivation, no physical resources are required. For example, it can be aroused just by giving positive and constructive feedback or making your lesson more comprehensive. It can also be produced by presenting the importance of desired task in daily life.
2- Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation is produced through some worldly desires or temporary benefits such as money, gifts etc. It is also important type of motivation and can help us in such situations where we feel that it is difficult to produce intrinsic motivation. So, the right and timely use of both types of motivation can make our teaching successful and fruitful.
Some people also categorize motivation as positive and negative but I take it as unnecessary and just as a sake of making more types of motivation. Only positive and negative feedbacks have different effects on motivation.
Famous Theories of Motivation
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- Herzberg’s two factor theory
- Alderfer’s ERG theory
- Self-determination theory
No comments:
Post a Comment